Term | Conceptual Definition |
| Bilateral Agreement | A general science agreement between the U.S. and a foreign country. Grant applications from institutions in these countries that have been recommended for approval by the scientific review group are given special funding consideration by Council.
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| Biomedical Research and Development Price Index. | Measures real annual changes in the prices of items and services required for research and development (R&D) activities.
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| Biomedical Research Support Grants | Grants to strengthen, balance, and stabilize supported biomedical and behavioral research programs through flexible funds that permit institutions to respond quickly and effectively to emerging needs and opportunities; to enhance creativity and innovation, to support pilot studies, and to improve research resources.
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| Biotechnology Research Centers | A research center funding mechanism. Grants to support regional and national access to the sophisticated research instrumentation and technology needed to solve medical and clinical research problems that are beyond the purview of conventional means. Investigators on NIH grants share these expensive resources, which results in considerable savings to the government.
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| Bridge Awards | Provides one year of funding so investigators can continue research while reapplying for an R01 grant or enables new investigators to gather preliminary data to improve their applications. Investigators do not apply for Bridge Awards but are selected from R01 grants at the pay-line margin. A Bridge Award is made as an R21 with one year of funding, which the PI can choose to spend over a two-year period. This enables the PI to submit an amended R01 application for the next receipt date while receiving interim (bridge) funding under the R21 mechanism.
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| Budget Authority | Legal authority to spend monies for programs, projects, or activities. Budget authority may be classified by the period (one-year, multiyear, no-year), the timing of congressional action (current or permanent), or manner of determining the amount available (definite or indefinite).
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| Budget Period | The intervals of time (usually 12 months each) into which a project period is divided for budgetary and funding purposes.
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| Buildings and Facilities | Funds appropriated to pay the cost of design, development, construction, repair, and improvement of capital facilities and related infrastructure.
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